Comparison of the two Western and Islamic traditions by analyzing the concept and feature of justice from Rawls, Farabi, and Khajeh Nasir Toosi

Abstract

The analysis of the concept of justice among Muslim and non-Muslim scholars is very important. Among the Western thinkers, John Rawls has a high reputation and has tried to analyze the concept of justice. Also, among Muslim scholars, Farabi and Khajeh Nasir Tusi, have studied the concept of justice and the just society, or the utopia. In this paper it is proved that Rawls has tried to bring the liberalism school closer to ethics by combining the idea of justice with fairness, and combines the idea of justice with freedom. Using Kant's thoughts, he presents a new approach to the utilization of ideas to determine justice. Among the Islamic philosophers, Farabi and Khajeh Nasir Tusi have also tried to combine the ideas of Greek philosophers (Plato and Aristotle) and the teachings of Islamic philosophy and use the wisdom and religion to explain the concept of justice and the approach of Islam to Political justice. They have been able to establish coherence and harmony between justice and Islamic ethics. In this article, we will attempt to compare the views of the three thinkers and to express their similarities and differences.