One of the important mechanisms for representing topological relations between spatial objects is spatial topology. These relationships help us to model spatial relations between spatial objects in a simple and efficient ...

Spatio-temporal modeling for urban applications has received special attention lately. Due to the recent advances in computer and geospatial technologies, the temporal aspect of urban applications which was ignored in ...

In this paper, an intelligent fuzzy agent can identify the values of risks and the environmental damages of the smoke plumes. When smoke plumes move: data extractor extracts the fuzzy areas form NOAA satellite images, ...