and solid phases. It is assumed that the nanoparticles are distributed non-uniformly inside the channel. As a result, the volume fraction distribution equation is also coupled with other governing equations. The effects of Nield number and modified thermal...

3Q19 model. The effects of suspended nanoparticles on the fluid flow and heat transfer analysis have been investigated for different parameters such as particle volume fraction, particle diameters, and geometry aspect ratio. It is seen that flow...

and positions. The flow and heat transfer behavior of the nanofluid were observed for different Rayleigh numbers (103–106), Hartmann numbers (0–90), nanoparticles' volume fraction(0–6 %), magnetic field direction = (0–90o) and obstacle aspect ratios (0.05, 0...

speed in FGM discs. A FGM disc consisted of an elastic ceramic as reinforcement material and a bilinear elastic-plastic metal as matrix is modeled and studied. It is assumed that a power law function controls the volume fraction distribution of ceramic...

of the solution. Subsequently, the applicates of control points that define the surfaces of volume fractions of the constituents are considered as the design variables and obtained by solving the optimization problem using a mathematical programming algorithm...

-equilibrium model is assumed between the pure fluid, solid and the nanoparticle phases. It is assumed that the nanoparticles are distributed non-

uniformly inside the channel. As a result, the volume fraction distribution equation is also coupled...

The effects of nanoparticle volume fraction in hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of an incompressible forced 2-D plane jet flow are investigated. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of a two dimensional incompressible plane forced jet flow...