and the successive quadratic programming, as the local search step. In the first phase, VNS starts with a completely random initial solution of control input values. To increase the accuracy of the solution obtained from the phase 1, some new time nodes are added...

Here, we give a two-phase algorithm based on integrating differential evolution (DE) algorithm with modi ed hybrid genetic algorithm (MHGA) for solving the associated nonlinear programming problem of a

nonlinear ...

A hybrid algorithm by integrating an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) with successive quadratic programming (SQP), namely IPSO–SQP, is proposed for solving nonlinear optimal control problems. The particle swarm optimization (PSO...