Lidar Remote Sensing for Forestry and Terrestrial Applications

نویسنده:
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سال
: 2011
چکیده: Remote sensing has facilitated extraordinary advances in modeling, mapping,

and the understanding of ecosystems. Applications of remote sensing involve

either images from passive optical systems, such as Aerial Photography and

the Landsat Thematic Mapper, or, active Radar sensors such as RADARSAT.

These types of remote sensors have proven to be satisfactory for many forest

applications, such as mapping and classifying land cover into specific classes

and, in some biomes, estimating aboveground biomass and Leaf Area Index

(LAI). However, conventional sensors have significant limitations for

ecological and forest applications. The sensitivity and accuracy of these

devices have repeatedly been shown to fall with increasing aboveground

biomass and LAI. They are also limited in their ability to represent the spatial

patterns. They produce only two-dimensional (x & y) images, which cannot

fully represent the three dimensional structure of the forest canopy. Ecologists

have long understood that the presence of specific organisms and the overall

richness of wildlife communities can be highly dependent on the threedimensional

spatial pattern of vegetation. Individual bird species, in particular,

are often associated with specific three dimensional features in riparian

forests. Additionally, aspects of forests, such as productivity, may be related to

forest canopy structure. Lidar (light detecting and ranging) is an alternative

remote sensing technology that promises to both increase the accuracy of

biophysical measurements and extend spatial analysis into the third dimension

(z). Lidar sensors directly measure the three-dimensional distribution of forest

canopies as well as sub-canopy topography, therefore providing high

resolution topographic maps and highly accurate estimates of tree height cover, and canopy structure. In addition, lidar has been shown to accurately

estimate LAI and aboveground biomass, even in those high biomass

ecosystems, where passive optical and active radar sensors typically fail to do

so. Estimation of forest structural attributes, such as LAI, is an important step

in identifying the amount of water use in forest areas.
کلیدواژه(گان): Lidar,Canopy,Forest,Terrestrial,Airborne
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