system. Corotational approach transforms responses of the basic coordinate system to the global one and makes the element applicable for structures with arbitrarily large rigid body displacements and rotations. Moreover, shear-locking problem is removed...

Two new shear deformable curved elements are developed for the analysis of circular and generally curved

beams. The proposed scheme removes both shear and membrane lock deficiencies. In addition, effects

of ...

A three-dimensional Timoshenko beam is formulated based on the force method and the Hellinger

–Reissner variational principle. Material nonlinearities are taken into account by the fiber discretization scheme. The ...