Evaporation, as a major component of the hydrologic cycle, plays a key role in water resources development and management in arid and semi-arid climatic regions. Although there are empirical formulas available, their performances are not all...

This paper presents an empirical model to predict the shear strength of RC deep beams. A hybrid search algorithm coupling genetic programming (GP) and simulated annealing (SA), called genetic simulated annealing (GSA), was ...

One of the main causes of bridge collapse may be flood flow scour near piers. Several experimental and local field investigations were carried out to study scour depth. However, existing empirical equations do not commonly ...

Despite of numerous empirical formulas have been presented to estimate equilibrium scour depth around complex bridge piers, there may no general formula that satisfies all conditions. It may happened because, existing equation are based...