and overcurrent relays (D&DOCRs), operating times of the second zone of distance relays (TZ2) are typically increased in order to satisfy the selectivity constraints. In this paper,

a new operating characteristic (OPC)for distance...

Recently, microgrid operation increased significantly with increasing distributed renewable energy resources in the

power system. Microgrids can operate with and without utility. Fault currents are significantly ...

The number of constraints in coordination of distance and directional overcurrent relays (D&DOCRs) in power systems increases significantly by considering changes in network topology, especially in large power systems. By increasing the number...

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maintained. Therefore, in this paper, a new formulation is presented for the relay

coordination problem considering pilot protection. In the proposed formulation, the

selectivity constraints for the primary distan

ce and backup overcurrent relays...

Most studies in relay coordination have focused solely on coordination of overcurrent relays while distance relays are used as the main protection of transmission lines. Since, simultaneous coordination of these two types of relays can provide a...

In this study, a new method for optimum coordination of overcurrent relays is proposed. In order to solve the overcurrent relays coordination problem, a Q-learning based cooperative multi-agent system is designed and applied. In the proposed method...

coordination of distance and directional overcurrent relays (D&DOCRs), as the main protections of transmission/subtransmission systems. Generally, relay coordination is a complicated nonlinear optimization problem. The complexity increases drastically...

The coordination problem of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) is a non-linear and non-convex optimization one. Until now, several methods based on the heuristics and non-linear programming (NLP) approaches have been proposed for solving...

Generally the relay coordination problem is solved without considering parameter

uncertainties. While uncertainties in the line parameters and CT ratios make the fault current

passing through the overcurrent relay inaccurate and could...

Abstract—The directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) coordination

problem is usually studied based on a fixed network

topology in an interconnected power system, and is formulated as

an optimization problem. In practice...