as WIPs, industrial instruments, transportation lines and etc.), is considered as fuzzy number, and 4) the objective function is considered as minimizing the material handling and lost opportunity costs. To model these assumptions, a nonlinear mixed...

This paper presents a novel solution method for joint energy and Spinning Reserve

(SR) dispatch problem. In systems in which the Lost Opportunity Cost (LOC) should be paid

to generators, if the LOC is not considered in the dispatch...