Instead of the usual neglecting, this study takes advantage of the second-order axial strain terms in the elastic constitutive equation of three-dimensional truss. This leads to higher-order terms on the resulting unbalanced ...

By minimizing the total potential energy function and deploying the virtual work principle, a higher-order stiffness matrix is achieved. This new tangent stiffness matrix is used to solve the frame with geometric nonlinear ...

In this paper, two triangular shapes are used to formulate iteration procedures required for nonlinear analysis. These triangles are formed by the structural load-displacement curve. The areas of these shapes are considered ...

The capability of nonlinear analysis methods in tracing the equilibrium path depends on how to return to static status. In this paper, some residual factors existed in the iteration steps are employed. By setting ...

iterative methods are widely used for tracing the equilibrium paths of structures. To determine the nonlinear structural response, an iteration process is required. In this paper, some residual areas are employed for the ...