Fouling can be defined as adherent deposits of unwanted compounds that are formed by the precipitationof soluble salts from water and crystal growth on the surfaces of processing equipment. The deposition layerbecomes an ...

Commercialization of graphene is still one the biggest challenges in the carbon field despite the development of several methods for its production. The lack of simple, cost-effective and scalable methods for mass-production ...

RMineral scale deposition on heat exchanging surfaces increases the thermal resistance and reduces the operating service life. The effect is usually intensified at higher temperatures due to the inverse temperature solubility ...

An experimental setup of double pipe heat exchanger fouling test rig was built to investigate the mineral scale deposition on different heat exchanger pipe surfaces. Progressive fouling deposition on different material ...