To analyze the plane problem with irregular mesh and complicated geometry, it is helpful to utilize the triangular element. In this study, several optimization criteria will be elaborated. By utilizing these provisions and ...

Utilizing the strain gradient notation process and the free formulation, an efficient way of constructing membrane elements will be proposed. This strategy can be utilized for linear and geometric non-linear problems. In ...

In this paper, two new quadrilateral elements are formulated to solve plane problems. Low sensitivity to geometric distortion, no parasitic shear error, rotational invariance, and satisfying the Felippa pure bending test ...

Various corotational schemes for solid, shell, bending plate and beam elements have been proposed so far. Nevertheless, this approach has rarely been utilized for membrane problems. In this paper, a new quadrilateral element ...

Up to now, various flat shell’s elements are created by combining plane and bending plate elements. In the case of complicated problems with coarse distorted mesh, only using efficient element leads to the accurate responses. ...

In this paper, a plane quadrilateral element with rotational degrees of freedom is developed. Present formulation is based on a hybrid functional with independent boundary displacement and internal optimum strain field. ...