With improved medical services and increasing life expectancy, there is a growing number of elderly people in societies who require further care and treatment. Meanwhile, increased costs associated with clinical treatments ...

Artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) is one of the state-of-the-art swarm intelligence algorithms that is widely used for optimization purposes in static environments. However, numerous real-world problems are dynamic ...

Abstract. An efficient algorithm is proposed for solving nonlinear Fredholm

integral equations (NFIEs) using the Electromagnetic Meta-Heuristic

method (EM). For using this heuristic method, we first approximate ...